Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus

 

Class 12 Chemistry Index

This Class 12 Chemistry Index page contains all the topics that fall under each chapter of the class 12 chemistry syllabus as per the NCERT textbook. Students may follow the links on the subtopics to access free study material on the associated concepts (prepared by chemistry subject experts for CBSE students). Furthermore, an overview of all the chapters and topics in the CBSE class 12 chemistry textbooks can also prove useful while crafting a preparation strategy for the CBSE board examination and other competitive examinations. 

Unit 1 – The Solid State

• 1.1 General Characteristics of Solid State
• 1.2 Amorphous and Crystalline Solids 
• 1.3 Classification of Crystalline Solids 
• 1.4 Crystal Lattices and Unit Cells 
• 1.5 Number of Atoms in a Unit Cell 
• 1.6 Close Packed Structures 
• 1.7 Packing Efficiency 
• 1.8 Calculations Involving Unit Cell Dimensions 
• 1.9 Imperfections in Solids 
• 1.10 Electrical Properties 
• 1.11 Magnetic Properties 

Unit 2 – Solutions

• 2.1 Types of Solutions
• 2.2 Expressing Concentration of Solutions 
• 2.3 Solubility 
• 2.4 Vapour Pressure of Liquid Solutions 
• 2.5 Ideal and Non-ideal Solutions 
• 2.6 Colligative Properties and Determination of Molar Mass 
• 2.7 Abnormal Molar Masses 

Unit 3 – Electrochemistry

• 3.1 Electrochemical Cells 
• 3.2 Galvanic Cells 
• 3.3 Nernst Equation 
• 3.4 Conductance of Electrolytic Solutions 
• 3.5 Electrolytic Cells and Electrolysis 
• 3.6 Batteries 
• 3.7 Fuel Cells 
• 3.8 Corrosion

Unit 4 – Chemical Kinetics

• 4.1 Rate of a Chemical Reaction
• 4.2 Factors Influencing Rate of a Reaction 
• 4.3 Integrated Rate Equations 
• 4.4 Temperature Dependence of the Rate of a Reaction 
• 4.5 Collision Theory of Chemical Reactions

Unit 5 – Surface Chemistry

• 5.1 Adsorption 
• 5.2 Catalysis 
• 5.3 Colloids 
• 5.4 Classification of Colloids 
• 5.5 Emulsions 
• 5.6 Colloids Around Us

Unit 6 – General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

• 6.1 Occurrence of Metals 
• 6.2 Concentration of Ores 
• 6.3 Extraction of Crude Metal from Concentrated Ore 
• 6.4 Thermodynamic Principles of Metallurgy 
• 6.5 Electrochemical Principles of Metallurgy 
• 6.6 Oxidation and Reduction 
• 6.7 Refining 
• 6.8 Uses of Aluminium, Copper, Zinc and Iron

Unit 7 – The p-Block Elements

• 7.1 Group 15 Elements 
• 7.2 Dinitrogen 
• 7.3 Ammonia 
• 7.4 Oxides of Nitrogen 
• 7.5 Nitric Acid 
• 7.6 Phosphorus – Allotropic Forms 
• 7.7 Phosphine 
• 7.8 Phosphorus Halides 
• 7.9 Oxoacids of Phosphorus 
• 7.10 Group 16 Elements 
• 7.11 Dioxygen 
• 7.12 Simple Oxides 
• 7.13 Ozone 
• 7.14 Sulphur – Allotropic Forms 
• 7.15 Sulphur Dioxide 
• 7.16 Oxoacids of Sulphur 
• 7.17 Sulphuric Acid 
• 7.18 Group 17 Elements 
• 7.19 Chlorine 
• 7.20 Hydrogen Chloride 
• 7.21 Oxoacids of Halogens 
• 7.22 Interhalogen Compounds 
• 7.23 Group 18 Elements

Unit 8 – The d-and f-Block Elements

• 8.1 Position in the Periodic Table 
• 8.2 Electronic Configurations of the d-Block Elements 
• 8.3 General Properties of the Transition Elements (d-Block) 
• 8.4 Some Important Compounds of Transition Elements 
• 8.5 The Lanthanoids 
• 8.6 The Actinoids 
• 8.7 Some Applications of d- and f-Block Elements

Unit 9 – Coordination Compounds

• 9.1 Werner’s Theory of Coordination Compounds 
• 9.2 Definitions of Some Important Terms Pertaining to Coordination Compounds 
• 9.3 Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds 
• 9.4 Isomerism in Coordination Compounds 
• 9.5 Bonding in Coordination Compounds 
• 9.6 Bonding in Metal Carbonyls 
• 9.7 Importance and Applications of Coordination Compounds

Unit 10 – Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

• 10.1 Classification 
• 10.2 Nomenclature 
• 10.3 Nature of C–X Bond 
• 10.4 Methods of Preparation of Haloalkanes 
• 10.5 Preparation of Haloarenes 
• 10.6 Physical Properties 
• 10.7 Chemical Reactions 
• 10.8 Polyhalogen Compounds

Unit 11 – Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

• 11.1 Classification 
• 11.2 Nomenclature 
• 11.3 Structures of Functional Groups 
• 11.4 Alcohols and Phenols 
• 11.5 Some Commercially Important Alcohols 
• 11.6 Ethers 

Unit 12 – Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

• 12.1 Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group 
• 12.2 Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones 
• 12.3 Physical Properties 
• 12.4 Chemical Reactions 
• 12.5 Uses of Aldehydes and Ketones 
• 12.6 Nomenclature and Structure of Carboxyl Group 
• 12.7 Methods of Preparation of Carboxylic Acids 
• 12.8 Physical Properties 
• 12.9 Chemical Reactions 
• 12.10 Uses of Carboxylic Acids

Unit 13 – Amines

• 13.1 Structure of Amines 
• 13.2 Classification 
• 13.3 Nomenclature 
• 13.4 Preparation of Amines 
• 13.5 Physical Properties 
• 13.6 Chemical Reactions 
• 13.7 Method of Preparation of Diazonium Salts 
• 13.8 Physical Properties 
• 13.9 Chemical Reactions 
• 13.10 Importance of Diazonium Salts in the Synthesis of Aromatic Compounds 

Unit 14 – Biomolecules

• 14.1 Carbohydrates 
• 14.2 Proteins 
• 14.3 Enzymes 
• 14.4 Vitamins 
• 14.5 Nucleic Acids 
• 14.6 Hormones

Unit 15 – Polymers

• 15.1 Classification of Polymers 
• 15.2 Types of Polymerisation Reactions 
• 15.3 Molecular Mass of Polymers 
• 15.4 Biodegradable Polymers 
• 15.5 Polymers of Commercial Importance 

Unit 16 – Chemistry in Everyday Life

• 16.1 Drugs and their Classification 
• 16.2 Drug-Target Interaction 
• 16.3 Therapeutic Action of Different Classes of Drugs 
• 16.4 Chemicals in Food 
• 16.5 Cleansing Agents

1. Course Structure and Chemistry Syllabus for Class 12
   1. Unit I Solutions
   2. Unit II Electrochemistry
   3. Unit III Chemical Kinetics
   4. Unit IV Surface Chemistry
   5. Unit V General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
   6. Unit VI p-Block Elements
   7. Unit VII d -and f-Block Elements
   8. Unit VIII Coordination Compounds
   9. Unit IX Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
   10. Unit X Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
   11. Unit XI Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
   12. Unit XII Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen
   13. Unit XIII Biomolecules
   14. Unit XIV Polymers
   15. Unit XV Chemistry in Everyday Life

Course Structure and Chemistry Syllabus for Class 12

Science students whether PCM or PCB are advised to study the latest CBSE Chemistry syllabus class 12 thoroughly. All the units and topics mentioned in each unit are available in class 12 Chemistry textbook issued by NCERT. 

Also Read: Branches of Chemistry

CBSE Chemistry Syllabus for Class 12

Let us study which units and chapters are included in the Chemistry syllabus for class 12: 

Unit I Solutions

• Types of Solutions
• Expressing Concentration of Solutions
• Solubility: Solid in a Liquid, Gas in a Liquid 
• Vapour Pressure of Liquid Solutions: Liquid-liquid Solutions, Raoult’s Law as a special case of Henry’s Law, Solutions of Solids in Liquids
• Ideal and Non-ideal Solutions
• Colligative Properties and Determination of Molar Mass: Relative Lowering of Vapour Pressure, Elevation of Boiling Point, Depression of Freezing Point, Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure, Reverse Osmosis and Water Purification
• Abnormal Molar Masses

Unit II Electrochemistry

• Electrochemical Cells
• Galvanic Cells: Measurement of Electrode Potential
• Nernst Equation: Equilibrium Constant from the Nernst Equation, Electrochemical Cell and Gibbs Energy of the Reaction
• Conductance of Electrolytic Solutions: Measurement of the Conductivity of Ionic Solutions, Variation of Conductivity and Molar Conductivity with Concentration
• Electrolytic Cells and Electrolysis: Products of Electrolysis
• Batteries: Primary Batteries, Secondary Batteries
• Fuel Cells
• Corrosion

Unit III Chemical Kinetics

• Rate of a Chemical Chemical Reaction Reaction
• Factors Influencing Rate of a Reaction Rate of a Reaction: Dependence of Rate on Concentration, Rate Expression and Rate Constant, Order of a Reaction, Molecularity of a Reaction
• Integrated Rate Equations: Zero Order Reactions, First Order Reactions, Half-Life of a Reaction
• Pseudo First Order Reaction Reaction
• Temperature Dependence of the Rate of a Reaction: Effect of Catalyst
• Collision Theory of Chemical Chemical Reactions

Unit IV Surface Chemistry

• Adsorption: Distinction between Adsorption and Absorption, Mechanism of Adsorption, Types of Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption from Solution Phase, Applications of Adsorption
• Catalysis: Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis, Adsorption Theory of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Shape-selective Catalysis by Zeolites, Enzyme Catalysis, Catalysts in Industry
• Colloids
• Classification of Colloids based on Physical State of Dispersed Phase and Dispersion Medium, Nature of Interaction between Dispersed Phase and Dispersion Medium, Type of Particles of the Dispersed Phase, Multimolecular, Macromolecular and Associated Colloids
• Preparation of Colloids
• Purification of Colloidal Solutions
• Properties of Colloidal Solutions
• Emulsions
• Colloids Around Us Around Us

Unit V General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

• Occurrence of Occurrence of Metals
• Concentration of Ores: Hydraulic Washing, Magnetic Separation, Froth Floatation Method, Leaching
• Extraction of Crude Metal from Concentrated Ore
• Thermodynamic Principles of Metallurgy and Applications
• Electrochemical Principles of Metallurgy
• Oxidation-Reduction
• Refining: Distillation, Liquification, Electrolytic Refining, Zone Refining, Vapour Phase Refining, Chromatographic Methods
• Uses of Aluminium, Copper, Zinc and Iron

Unit VI p-Block Elements

• Group 15 Elements: Occurrence, Electronic Configuration, Atomic and Ionic Radii, Ionisation Enthalpy, Electronegativity, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties
• Dinitrogen
• Ammonia
• Oxides of Nitrogen
• Nitric Acid
• Phosphorus-allotropic Forms
• Phosphine Phosphine
• Phosphorus Halides: Phosphorus Trichloride, Phosphorus Pentachloride
• Oxoacids of Phosphorus
• Group 16 Elements: Occurrence, Electronic Configuration, Atomic and Ionic Radii, Ionisation Enthalpy, Electron Gain Enthalpy, Electronegativity, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties
• Dioxygen
• Simple Oxides
• Ozone
• Sulphur – Allotropic Forms
• Sulphur Dioxide
• Oxoacids of Sulphur
• Sulphuric Acid
• Group 17 Elements: Occurrence, Electronic Configuration, Atomic and Ionic Radii, Ionisation Enthalpy, Electron Gain Enthalpy, Electronegativity, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties
• Chlorine
• Hydrogen Chloride
• Oxoacids of Halogens
• Interhalogen Compounds
• Group 18 Elements: Occurrence, Electronic Configuration, Ionisation Enthalpy, Atomic Radii, Electron Gain Enthalpy

Unit VII d -and f-Block Elements

Transition Elements (d-Block)

• Position in the Periodic Table
• Electronic Configurations of the d-Block Elements
• General Properties of the Transition Elements: Physical Properties, Variation in Atomic and Ionic Sizes of Transition Metals, Ionisation Enthalpies, Oxidation States, Trends in the M2+/M Standard Electrode Potentials, Trends in the M3+/M2+ Standard Electrode Potentials, Trends in Stability of Higher Oxidation States, Chemical Reactivity and EV Values, Magnetic Properties, Formation of Coloured Ions, Formation of Complex Compounds, Catalytic Properties, Formation of Interstitial Compounds, Alloy Formation
• Some Important Compounds of Transition Elements: Oxides and Oxoanions of Metals

Inner Transition Elements (f-Block)

• Lanthanoids: Electronic Configurations, Atomic and Ionic Sizes, Oxidation States, General Characteristics
• Actinoids: Electronic Configurations, Ionic Sizes, Oxidation States, General Characteristics and Comparison with Lanthanoids
• Some Applications of d- and f-Block Elements

Unit VIII Coordination Compounds

• Wener’s Theory of Coordination Compounds
• Definitions of Some Important Terms Pertaining to Coordination Compounds:  Coordination Entity, Central Atom/ion, Ligands, Coordination Number, Coordination Sphere, Coordination Polyhedron, Oxidation Number of Central Atom, Homoleptic and Heteroleptic Complexes
• Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds: Formulas of Mononuclear Coordination Entities, Naming of Mononuclear Coordination Compounds
• Isomerism in Coordination Compounds: Geometric Isomerism, Optical Isomerism, Linkage Isomerism, Coordination Isomerism, Ionisation Isomerism, Solvate Isomerism
• Bonding in Coordination Compounds: Valence Bond Theory, Magnetic Properties of Coordination Compounds, Limitations of Valence Bond Theory, Crystal Field Theory, Colour in Coordination Compounds, Limitations of Crystal Field Theory
• Bonding in Metal Carbonyls
• Stability of Coordination Compounds
• Importance and Applications of Coordination Compounds   

Unit IX Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

• Classification: Number of Halogen Atoms, Compounds Containing sp3 C—X Bond (X= F, Cl, Br, I), Compounds Containing sp2 C—X Bond
• Nomenclature
• Nature of C-X Bond
• Methods of Preparation: From Alcohols and Hydrocarbons, Halogen Exchange
• Physical Properties
• Chemical Reactions: Reactions of Haloalkanes, Reactions of Haloarenes
• Polyhalogen Compounds: Dichloromethane (Methylene chloride), Trichloromethane (Chloroform), Triiodomethane (Iodoform), Tetrachloromethane (Carbon tetrachloride),  Freons, p,p’-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) 

Unit X Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

• Classification: Mono, Di, Tri or Polyhydric Compounds, Ethers 
• Nomenclature
• Structure of Functional Groups
• Alcohols and Phenols: Preparation of Alcohols (from Carbonyl Compounds and Grignard reagents, Preparation of Phenols (from Haloarenes, Benzenesulphonic acid, Diazonium Salts and Cumene), Physical Properties, Chemical Reactions (involving cleavage of O–H bond, carbon-oxygen (C–O) bond in alcohols), Reactions of Phenols
• Some Commercially Important Alcohols: Methanol and Ethanol
• Ethers: Preparation of Ethers (by Dehydration of Alcohols and Williamson Synthesis), Physical Properties, Chemical Reactions (Cleavage of C–O bond in Ethers and Electrophilic Substitution)

Unit XI Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

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• Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group
• Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones: Preparation of Aldehydes, Preparation of Ketones 
• Physical Properties
• Chemical Reactions: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions, Reduction, Oxidation, Reactions due to α-hydrogen, Cannizzaro Reaction, Electrophilic Substitution Reaction 
• Uses of Aldehydes and Ketones
• Nomenclature and Structure of Carboxyl Group
• Methods of Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: From Primary Alcohols and Aldehydes, Alkylbenzenes, Nitriles and Amides, Grignard Reagents, Acyl Halides and Anhydrides, Esters
• Physical Properties
• Chemical Reactions: Reactions Involving Cleavage of O–H Bond, Reactions Involving Cleavage of C–OH Bond, Reactions Involving –COOH Group, Substitution Reactions in the Hydrocarbon Part
• Uses of Carboxylic Acids

Unit XII Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

Amines

• Structure, Classification and Nomenclature of Amines
• Preparation of Amines: Reduction of nitro compounds, Ammonolysis of alkyl halides, Reduction of nitriles, Reduction of amides, Gabriel phthalimide synthesis, Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction
• Physical Properties
• Chemical Reactions: Basic Character of Amines, Alkylation, Acylation, Carbylamine Reaction, Reaction with Nitrous Acid, Reaction with Aryl sulphonyl Chloride, Electrophilic Substitution

Diazonium Salts

• Methods of Preparation of Diazonium Salts
• Physical Properties
• Chemical Reactions: Reactions involving Displacement of Nitrogen and Retention of Diazo Group
• Importance of Diazonium Salts in the Synthesis of Aromatic Compounds

Unit XIII Biomolecules

• Carbohydrates: Classification, Monosaccharides, Preparation and Structure of Glucose, Cyclic Structure of Glucose, Structure of Fructose, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides, Importance of Carbohydrates
• Proteins: Amino Acids (Classification), Structure and Denaturation of Protein
• Enzymes: Mechanism of Enzyme Action
• Vitamins: Classification 
• Nucleic Acids: Chemical Composition, Structure and Biological Functions of Nucleic Acids

Unit XIV Polymers

• Classification of Polymers based on Source, Structure of Polymers, Mode of Polymerisation, Molecular Forces, Growth Polymerisation
• Types of Polymerisation: Addition Polymerisation or Chain Growth Polymerisation,  Condensation Polymerisation or Step Growth Polymerisation, Copolymerisation, Rubber
• Molecular Mass of Polymers 
• Biodegradable Polymers
• Polymers of Commerical Importance

Unit XV Chemistry in Everyday Life

• Drugs and their Classification
• Drug-target Interaction: Enzymes as Drug Targets, Receptors as Drug Targets
• Therapeutic Action of Different Classes of Drugs: Antacids, Antihistamines, Neurologically Active Drugs, Antimicrobials, Antifertility Drugs
• Chemicals in Food: Artificial Sweetening Agents, Food Preservatives 
• Cleansing Agents: Soaps, Synthetic Detergents

Class 11 Chemistry Syllabus

 A general outline of topics that are typically covered in a Class 11 Chemistry curriculum:

1. Basic Concepts of Chemistry:

   • Importance and scope of chemistry
   • Laws of chemical combination
   • Dalton's atomic theory
   • Modern atomic theory

2. Structure of Atom:

   • Discovery of subatomic particles
   • Thomson's model and Rutherford's model of an atom
   • Bohr's model and its limitations
   • Quantum mechanical model of an atom
   • Quantum numbers and their significance

3. Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties:

   • Mendeleev's periodic table
   • Modern periodic law and the long form of the periodic table
   • Trends in properties of elements: atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity

4. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure:

   • Types of chemical bonds
   • Lewis structure and formal charge
   • VSEPR theory
   • Valence bond theory
   • Molecular orbital theory
   • Hydrogen bonding and its effects

5. States of Matter:

   • Gaseous state
   • Ideal gas equation
   • Deviation from ideal behavior
   • Liquid state
   • Solid state: classification, crystal lattice, unit cell

6. Thermodynamics:

   • System, surroundings, and types of thermodynamic processes
   • First law of thermodynamics
   • Internal energy and enthalpy
   • Enthalpy change in various processes
   • Second law of thermodynamics
   • Entropy and spontaneity
   • Gibbs free energy and its applications

7. Equilibrium:

   • Dynamic nature of equilibrium
   • Law of mass action and equilibrium constant
   • Factors affecting equilibrium: Le Chatelier's principle
   • Ionic equilibrium
   • Acids, bases, and buffers

8. Redox Reactions:

   • Oxidation and reduction
   • Balancing redox reactions
   • Electrochemical cells
   • Nernst equation and its applications

9. Hydrogen:

   • Position in the periodic table
   • Preparation, properties, and uses of hydrogen
   • Isotopes of hydrogen
   • Hydrides

10. S-Block Elements:

    • Group 1 and Group 2 elements
    • General properties, occurrence, and uses
    • Anomalous properties of the first elements

11. P-Block Elements:

    • Group 13 to Group 18 elements
    • General properties, occurrence, and uses

12. Environmental Chemistry:

• Environmental pollution
• Air and water pollution
• Ozone depletion, greenhouse effect, and global warming

Units	Topics	Marks
I	Basic Concepts of Chemistry	11
II	Structure of Atom
III	Classification of Elements & Periodicity in Properties	4
IV	Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure	21
V	States of Matter: Gases and Liquids
VI	Thermodynamics
VII	Equilibrium
VIII	Redox Reactions	16
IX	Hydrogen
X	s-Block Elements
XI	Some p-Block Elements
XII	Organic Chemistry: Basic Principles & Techniques	18
XIII	Hydrocarbons
XIV	Environmental Chemistry
Total	70

Class 11 Chemistry Syllabus Course Structure

Based on the table below, let us discuss all the theoretical units of the class 11 chemistry syllabus and the prominent topics under them:

Unit No.	Title
1	Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
2.	Structure of Atom
3.	Classification of Element and Periodicity in Properties
4.	Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
5.	States of Matter: Gases and Liquids
6.	Chemical Thermodynamics
7	Equilibrium
8.	Redox Reactions
9.	Hydrogen
10.	s-Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline Earth Materials)
11.	p-Block Elements
12.	Organic Chemistry- Some Basic Principles and Techniques
13.	Hydrocarbons
14.	Environment Chemistry

Unit 1: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

Introducing the subjects of advanced chemistry to the students, this unit of the class 11 chemistry syllabus teaches the students about the following topics:

• Importance and scope of chemistry
• Laws of chemical combination
• Dalton’s atomic theory
• Atomic and molecular masses
• Concept of mole
• Stoichiometry and the calculations based on it.

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry Class 11

Unit 2: Structure of Atom

Given below is the list of eminent chapters under this unit of the class 11 chemistry syllabus

• Bohr’s model and limitations
• Broglie’s relationship
• Dual nature of matter and light
• Electronic configuration of atoms
• Quantum numbers
• Aufbau principle

Structure of Atoms Class 11 Notes

Unit 3: Classification of Element and Periodicity in Properties

Familiarizing the students with the concepts of periodic tables, this unit of the class 11 chemistry syllabus includes the following:

• Modern periodic law and its present form
• Periodic trends in properties of elements (atomic radii, ionic radii, electronic gain enthalpy, electronegativity)
• Nomenclature of elements with atomic numbers more than 100

Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

Unit 4: Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure

Given below are the essential topics covered under the fourth unit of the class 11 chemistry syllabus.

• Valence electrons
• Lewis structure
• VSEPR theory
• Hybridization
• Molecular orbital theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Unit 5: States of Matter: Gases and Liquids

The fifth unit of the class 11 chemistry syllabus acquaints the students about the matter and various laws through the topics below.

• The three states of matter (types of bonding, intermolecular interactions, boiling and melting points)
• Gay Lussac’s law
• Boyle’s law
• Avogadro’s number
• Liquefaction of gases
• Viscosity and surface tension

Class 11 States of Matter

Unit 6: Chemical Thermodynamics

Explaining all three laws of thermodynamics, the CBSE class 11 chemistry syllabus includes the following essential topics.

• Systems- concept and types
• First, second and third laws of thermodynamics

Class 11 Thermodynamics

Unit 7: Equilibrium

This unit emphasizes the students about concepts of equilibrium by teaching them the following topics in the class 11 chemistry syllabus.

• Equilibrium in chemical and physical processes
• Dynamic nature of equilibrium
• Le Chatelier’s principle
• Henderson equation
• Buffer solution

Equilibrium Class 11 Notes

Unit 8: Redox Reactions

Here is everything the students need to know about redox reactions through this unit of the class 11 chemistry syllabus

• Concept of oxidation and reduction
• Balancing redox reactions
• Applications of redox reactions

Class 11 Redox Reactions

Unit 9: Hydrogen

Putting a detailed glimpse of Hydrogen, this unit of the class 11 chemistry syllabus includes:

• Position of hydrogen in the periodic table, isotopes, occurrence
• Uses and properties of hydrogen
• Hydrogen peroxide (structure, reaction and preparation)
• Hydrogen as a fuel

Hydrogen

Unit 10: s-Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline Earth Materials)

The students will be made aware of the s-Block elements through these topics of the class 11 chemistry syllabus below:

• General introduction of Group 1 and Group 2 elements
• Electronic configuration
• Trends in chemical reactivity with oxygen
• Properties and preparations of compounds ( sodium chloride, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydroxide)
• Biological importance of potassium and sodium
• Industrial uses of calcium oxide and calcium carbonate

s Block Elements

Unit 11: p-Block Elements

Teaching the students about group 13 and group 14 elements, this unit of class 11 chemistry syllabus incorporates: 

• Group 13 elements and Group 14 (occurrence, electronic configuration, oxidation states, etc.)
• Physical and chemical properties of Boron and its compounds
• Carbon-catenation
• Allotropic forms

Class 11 p Block Elements Notes

Unit 12: Organic Chemistry- Some Basic Principles and Techniques

The twelfth unit of the class 11 chemistry syllabus introduces the students to the basics of organic chemistry through a multitude of the following topics.

• Organic compounds (introduction, quantitative and qualitative analysis, methods of purification, classification and nomenclature)
• Electronic displacements in a covalent bond
• Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond
• Types of organic reactions
• Resonance and hyperconjugation

Also Read: Class 12 Organic Chemistry

Unit 13: Hydrocarbons

Students are taught about the different types of hydrocarbons through this unit of chemistry syllabus.

• Classification of hydrocarbons
• Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
• Alkanes (isomerism, conformation, chemical reactions, physical properties)
• Alkenes (structure of the double bond, geometrical isomerism, preparation methods, chemical reactions)
• Alkynes (structure of the triple bond, chemical reactions, physical properties, preparation methods)
• Aromatic Hydrocarbons
• Friedel Craft’s alkylation and acylation

Class 11 Hydrocarbons

Unit 14: Environmental Chemistry

In the advent of increasing environmental concerns, the students will be made aware of various aspects of the environment with a view of chemistry.

• Environmental pollution
• Chemical reactions in the environment
• Greenhouse effect and global warming
• Atmospheric pollutants
• Green chemistry as an alternative tool for combating pollution

Environmental Chemistry

Class 11 Chemistry Syllabus Reduced

Tabulated below are the topics that have been deleted for the academic session 2023- 2024:

Chapters	Deleted Topics
Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry	-Dalton’s atomic theory: Concept of elements, atoms and molecules -Nature of matter -Laws of chemical combination
Structure of Atom	-Thomson’s model and its limitation -Rutherford’s model and its limitations  -Proton and Neutron -Discovery of Electron
Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties	-Brief history of the development of the periodic table -Significance of classification
States of Matter: Gases and Liquids	-Liquid State- vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension (qualitative idea only, no mathematical derivations)  -Liquefaction of gases -Critical temperature -Kinetic energy and molecular speeds (elementary idea)
Chemical Thermodynamics	-Criteria for equilibrium  -Heat capacity and specific heat capacity
Equilibrium	-Hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea)  -Henderson Equation
Redox Reactions	Applications of redox reactions
Hydrogen	-Hydrogen peroxide: Preparation -Preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen -Reactions and structure and use
s -Block Elements	-Calcium Oxide and Calcium Carbonate and their industrial uses – Biological importance of Magnesium and Calcium -Preparation and Properties of Some Important Compounds: Sodium Hydroxide, Sodium Carbonate, Sodium Chloride and Sodium Hydrogen carbonate, Biological importance of Sodium and Potassium
Some p -Block Elements	-Carbon: uses of some important compounds: oxides  -Important compounds of Silicon  -Few uses: Silicon Tetrachloride, Silicones, Silicates and Zeolites, their uses -Some important compounds: Borax, Boric acid, Boron Hydrides, -Aluminium: Reactions with acids and alkalies, uses
Organic Chemistry: Some Basic Principles and Techniques	-Qualitative and quantitative analysis -Methods of purification
Hydrocarbons	-Combustion and pyrolysis -Free radical mechanism of halogenation
Environmental Chemistry	Chapter Deleted

Must Read: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry Class 11

Practical Syllabus

The experiments will be conducted under the supervision of subject teacher. CBSE Chemistry Practicals is for 30 marks. This contribute to the overall practical marks for the subject.

The table below consists of evaluation scheme of practical exams.

Evaluation Scheme	Marks
Volumetric Analysis	08
Salt Analysis	08
Content Based Experiment	06
Project Work	04
Class record and viva	04
Total	30

Practical Syllabus Breakdown

Here is the breakdown of the Class 11th Chemistry syllabus for practicals:

A. Basic Laboratory Techniques

• Cutting glass tube and glass rod
• Bending a glass tube
• Drawing out a glass jet
• Boring a cork

B. Characterization and Purification of Chemical Substances

• Determination of melting point of an organic compound.
• Determination of boiling point of an organic compound.
• Crystallization of impure sample of any one of the following: Alum, Copper Sulphate, Benzoic Acid.

C. Experiments based on pH

(a) Any one of the following experiments −

• Determination of pH of some solutions obtained from fruit juices, solution of known and varied
• concentrations of acids, bases and salts using pH paper or universal indicator.
• Comparing the pH of solutions of strong and weak acids of same concentration.
• Study the pH change in the titration of a strong base using universal indicator.

(b) Study the pH change by common-ion in case of weak acids and weak bases.

D. Chemical Equilibrium

One of the following experiments −

• Study the shift in equilibrium between ferric ions and thiocyanate ions by increasing/decreasing the concentration of either of the ions.
• Study the shift in equilibrium between [Co(H2O)6]2+ and chloride ions by changing the concentration of either of the ions.

E. Quantitative Estimation

• Using a chemical balance
• Preparation of standard solution of Oxalic acid
• Determination of strength of a given solution of Sodium Hydroxide by titrating it against standard solution of Oxalic acid
• Preparation of standard solution of Sodium Carbonate
• Determination of strength of a given solution of Hydrochloric acid by titrating it against standard Sodium Carbonate solution

F. Qualitative Analysis

• Determination of one anion and one cation in a given saltCations − Pb2+, Cu2+ As3+A13+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mg2+,Anions − C32-, S2-, S32-, NO3–, Cl–, Br, I–, PO3+, C2O42-, CH3 COO–(Note − Insoluble salts excluded)
• Detection of -Nitrogen, Sulphur, Chlorine in organic compounds.